A chamada Síndrome de Meares-Irlen é caracterizada por sintomas de pressão nos olhos, dores de cabeça e distorção da imagem durante a leitura. Acredita-se que seja uma condição relacionada ao “stress” visual resultante da hiperexcitabilidade do córtex visual. Alguns autores diferenciam esta síndrome dos demais problemas oculares como vícios de refração mal corrigidos (miopia, astigmatismo e hipermetropia), anormalidades da visão binocular (como microestrabismos, insuficiência de convergência, etc) e problemas da acomodação visual Evans, BJ - The need for optometric investigationin suspected Meares-Irlen syndrome or visual stress. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 25(4):363-70, 2005 Jul.
A causa do problema ainda é mal estabelecida. Alguns trabalhos relacionam a Síndrome a um problema de hereditariedade e outros a uma disfunção do sistema imunológico provocada por alterações na taxa das gorduras sangüineas. Robison, GL et cols. A biochemical analysis of people with chronic fatigue who have Irlen Syndrome: speculation concerning immune system dysfunction. Percept Mot Skills:(93)2:486-504, 2001 Oct.
No século passado alguns autores chegaram a sugerir que esta síndrome fosse incluída no diagnóstico diferencial da Dislexia do Desenvolvimento. J.Learn.Disabil. 28 (1995) 216.
O tratamento proposto para esta Sindrome foi a prescrição de filtros coloridos, quer na forma de óculos, quer na forma de folhas plásticas coloridas sobrepostas na folha de leitura, quer na forma de marcadores de texto coloridos. Tewes,W.D. Irlen lenses J Am Optom Assoc.62(8):585-6, 1991 Aug.
Trabalhos recentes mostram que os filtros aumentam o rendimento de leitura em apenas 3,8% tanto em adultos quanto em crianças. Evans,B.J; Joseph, F. The effect of coloured filters on the rate of reading in na adult student population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt: 22(6):535-45, 2002 Nov.
Outros trabalhos mostram que a maioria dos pacientes que receberam tratamento adequado dos problemas oculares existentes apresentaram melhora dos sintomas e aumento na performance.- Aziz,S et cols:Are orthoptic exercises na effective treatment for convergence and fusion deficiencies? Strabismus 14(4):183-9.2006 Dec
Trabalhos realizados pelo setor de Oftalmologia do CRDA também não mostram efetividade do uso de filtros em portadores de dislexia. Nestes as lentes prismáticas de baixa potência têm mostrado resultados surpreendentes (48% de melhora na performance de leitura). Sampaio,P.R.S:Contribuição para o tratamento da dislexia: o uso de lentes esfero-prismáticas na leitura.São Paulo. S.n 2003.(104) p.ilus, tab, graf.
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